Ulises en la literatura médica / Ulysses in the medical literatura

INTRODUCCIÓN: Es frecuente el empleo de manifestaciones culturales como origen de descriptores en el campo de las ciencias de la salud. La historia de Odiseo (Ulises) es una de las obras más antiguas e influyentes de la literatura universal y ha dado lugar a múltiples creaciones posteriores, con un fuerte arraigo en la cultura popular. OBJETIVO: Ponderar el uso del relato de Odiseo en la literatura médica, describir los términos en los que se emplea y discutir la pertinencia de estos. DESARROLLO: Tras una revisión en PubMed, se hallaron 112 publicaciones de carácter médico con referencias al mito de Odiseo, de un total de 343 resultados. Se recogen hasta cinco entidades diferentes directamente nombradas a partir de Ulises (tres síndromes de Ulises, el contrato de Ulises y el conflicto de Ulises), y dos más sobre otros personajes que forman parte de su ciclo (síndrome de Elpenor y síndrome de Penélope), las cuales analizamos de forma crítica respecto al material original del que se parte. CONCLUSIONES: La historia de Odiseo constituye una de las fuentes de inspiración más frecuentes en la medicina, tanto para la elaboración de descriptores como para el empleo de símiles, metáforas u otras figuras retóricas, particularmente en el área de las neurociencias

INTRODUCTION: Cultural manifestations are frequently used as a source of descriptors in the field of the health sciences. The story of Odysseus (Ulysses) is one of the oldest and most influential works of world literature and has given rise to many subsequent creations, with strong roots in popular culture. AIMS: To consider the use of the story of Odysseus in the medical literature, to describe the terms in which it is used, and to discuss its relevance. DEVELOPMENT: From a review performed in PubMed, 112 medical publications with references to the myth of Odysseus were found, out of a total of 343 results. Five different conditions named directly after Ulysses were found (three Ulysses syndromes, the Ulysses contract and the Ulysses conflict), together with two others that have been given the names of other characters who are part of the same cycle (Elpenor syndrome and Penelope syndrome), which we analyse in a critical manner referring to the original material from which they have been taken. CONCLUSIONS: The story of Odysseus constitutes one of the most frequent sources of inspiration in medicine, both for the creation of descriptors and for the use of similes, metaphors or other rhetorical figures, particularly in the area of neuroscience

Hemorragia vítrea bilateral asociada a hemorragia pontomesencefálica: un caso extremo de síndrome de Terson / Bilateral vitreous haemorrhage associated with pontomesencephalic haemorrhage: an extreme case of Terson syndrome

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[A variety of the face of the giant panda sign]. / Variante del signo de la cara del panda gigante.

TITLE: Variante del signo de la cara del panda gigante.

Variante del signo de la cara del panda gigante / A variety of the face of the giant panda sign

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Interpretación popular del ictus en la Galicia antigua: el mito del dragón / The popular interpretation of strokes in ancient Galicia: the dragon myth

Introducción. La gran prevalencia y morbimortalidad del ictus ha favorecido una consecuentemente amplia representación en la medicina precientífica del pueblo gallego. Presentamos una interpretación no estudiada hasta el momento, y que está, por otra parte, ligada al fenómeno jacobeo: el ictus como resultado de la influencia maligna de un dragón. Otro dragón aparece citado en el Códice Calixtino como impedimento a la traslación apostólica. Desarrollo. En el libro tercero del Códice Calixtino, donde se narran los hechos de la traslación de los restos del apóstol Santiago el Mayor desde Palestina hasta Santiago de Galicia, encontramos la principal referencia escrita de la figura del dragón del Pico Sacro. El símbolo pagano del dragón permanece acantonado en la medicina popular gallega, transmitida de forma predominantemente oral, como causante directo de procesos morbosos como el ictus. Conclusiones. En la medicina popular gallega, la patología ictal se atribuye mayoritariamente a un subtipo del llamado ‘aojamiento’ o ‘mal de ojo’. Por vez primera, hasta donde sabemos, se revela el símbolo del dragón como explicación mágica directa de una patología vascular cerebral. Por otra parte, la interpretación precientífica del ictus en Galicia encuentra,en el mito del dragón, un puente de unión con el relato legendario de la traslación del apóstol Santiago a Galicia. Tal relación apoya la veracidad del relato de la traslación del Códice Calixtino, en detrimento de reelaboraciones posteriores (AU)

Introduction. The high prevalence and mortality of stroke has consequently brought about a wide presence of this pathology in the Galician pre-scientific folk medicine. A new interpretation of stroke, linked to the local tradition around the figure of Saint James the Apostle, is presented in this paper: stroke is considered to be the result of the evil influence of a dragon. In the Codex Calixtinus, a xii century manuscript containing various materials around the figure of Saint James, a dragon is also mentioned as an obstacle for the translation of the apostolic body. Development. The third book of Codex Calixtinus containing the narration of the translation of the dead body of James the Greater from Palestine to its likely current location in Santiago de Compostela (Galicia, Spain), also holds the major written record of the dragon of the Pico Sacro mountain. The pagan symbol of the dragon has remained in the orallytransmitted Galician folk medicine as a direct cause for neurological diseases such as stroke. Conclusions. For the first time, in our knowledge, the symbol of a dragon as the magical explanation for cerebral vascular disease has been described. Moreover, this mythical explanation, found only in the Galician folk medicine, is strongly linked to the legend of the translation of James the Apostle to Galicia. Such a link supports the originality of the narration in the Codex Calixtinus as opposed to other versions of the apostolic translation which can be found in other manuscripts (AU)

[The popular interpretation of strokes in ancient Galicia: the dragon myth]. / Interpretación popular del ictus en la Galicia antigua: el mito del dragón.

INTRODUCTION: The high prevalence and mortality of stroke has consequently brought about a wide presence of this pathology in the Galician pre-scientific folk medicine. A new interpretation of stroke, linked to the local tradition around the figure of Saint James the Apostle, is presented in this paper: stroke is considered to be the result of the evil influence of a dragon. In the Codex Calixtinus, a xii century manuscript containing various materials around the figure of Saint James, a dragon is also mentioned as an obstacle for the translation of the apostolic body. DEVELOPMENT: The third book of Codex Calixtinus containing the narration of the translation of the dead body of James the Greater from Palestine to its likely current location in Santiago de Compostela (Galicia, Spain), also holds the major written record of the dragon of the Pico Sacro mountain. The pagan symbol of the dragon has remained in the orally-transmitted Galician folk medicine as a direct cause for neurological diseases such as stroke. CONCLUSIONS: For the first time, in our knowledge, the symbol of a dragon as the magical explanation for cerebral vascular disease has been described. Moreover, this mythical explanation, found only in the Galician folk medicine, is strongly linked to the legend of the translation of James the Apostle to Galicia. Such a link supports the originality of the narration in the Codex Calixtinus as opposed to other versions of the apostolic translation which can be found in other manuscripts.